YEAR 2 BROADCAST JOURNALISM | STAN ARMIT
Specialist Study
Blog One
My first choice to write about is question number 5. This question is ‘Have journalists played a positive role in impacting the representation of minorities in sports?’. Personally, I think that they have played a positive role on the representation minorities because they push content out about different genders/races playing the same sports, making it as mainstream as the majority. Another reason is that journalists have brought a light to racism and campaigns to help stop this, such as the ‘No room for racism’ campaign and the ‘Kick It Out’ campaign. However, they haven’t completely gotten rid of these problems which means fake news and unreliable are still around, for example Raheem Sterling had a gun tattooed on his leg, and the media decided this meant he stood for gun crime; which is obviously not true.
Planning
Where to find content to build report:
Books
Websites/articles
Secondary statistics
Videos
Newspapers
Audio/podcasts
Journals/blogs
Unit 10 theories
Research Against:
‘It appears that football has lost successive generations of potential coaches and managers simply because they are black or from other ethnic minority backgrounds. The numbers do not add up, so many players from our communities who have achieved so much on the field of play - distinguished careers as senior players in some of the biggest clubs in this country, many with international caps, some who played at major tournaments - yet so few that have been given opportunities to achieve as coaches.’
Ethnic minorities and coaching in elite level football in England Ethnic minorities and coaching in elite level football in England: A call to action A report and recommendations from the Sports People’s Think Tank in association with the. (2014). [online] Available at: https://www.farenet.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/We-speak-with-one-voice.pdf.
‘This paper focuses on the case of Williams and demonstrates the abuse targeting her physicality, sex, sexuality and race.’
Litchfield, C., Kavanagh, E., Osborne, J. and Jones, I. (2018). Social media and the politics of gender, race and identity: the case of Serena Williams. European Journal for Sport and Society, 15(2), pp.154–170. doi:10.1080/16138171.2018.1452870.
‘what the media choose to cover and how they choose to cover it have incredible influence on audience perceptions.’
Fink, J.S., Borland, J.F. and Fields, S.K. (2011). Sexist Acts in Sports: Media Reactions and Forms of Apologia. International Journal of Sport Communication, 4(2), pp.198–216. doi:10.1123/ijsc.4.2.198.
Between 2007 and 2009 a prominent black and white National Football League (NFL) quarterback was implicated in violent criminal activity. This paper looks at how ABC, CBS and Fox News portrayed the cases of Michael Vick and Ben Roethlisberger. Not only did these outlets dedicate far more content to Vick's case, but there also emerged the theme that his behavior reflected a subculture of violence more so than did Roethlisberger's.
Coogan, D. (2012). Race and Crime in Sports Media: Content Analysis on the Michael Vick and Ben Roethlisberger Cases. Journal of Sports Media, 7(2), pp.129–151. doi:10.1353/jsm.2012.0017.
‘no black player was selected to play for the Welsh rugby union side until the 1980s. National captaincy or appointment in a senior coaching role in either country is, at the moment, simply beyond the bounds of imagination.’
Collins, T. (1998). Racial minorities in a marginalized sport: Race, discrimination and integration in British rugby league football. Immigrants & Minorities, 17(1), pp.151–169. doi:10.1080/02619288.1998.9974933.
JOE.co.uk. (n.d.). Raheem Sterling responds to The Sun’s front page on his new gun tattoo. [online] Available at: https://www.joe.co.uk/sport/raheem-sterling-responds-to-the-suns-front-page-on-his-new-gun-tattoo-181175.
A 20-year-old Greek footballer has been banned for life from playing for his national team after a controversial goal celebration in which he appeared to give a Nazi salute. The player says he hadn't understood the meaning of the gesture - but is it possible, in 2013, for a European to be so poorly informed?
Who, What, Why: Can you accidentally do a Nazi salute? (2013). BBC News. [online] 18 Mar. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21829682 [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
Brazilian winger Malcom could leave Zenit St Petersburg just days after completing a £41m move to the Russian club after supporters displayed overtly racist banners during his debut and insisted that “the absence of black players is an important tradition”.
Kershaw, T. (2019). Racist Zenit St Petersburg fans protest over signing of Malcom with banner. The Independent. [online] 5 Aug. Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/world/zenit-st-petersburg-malcom-signing-barcelona-banner-protest-a9039761.html.
Research For:
Anti-racism campaigners have been busy over the last couple of months. Concerns over racism, xenophobia and far-right activity in and around football stadiums have reached fever pitch. Even though the new football season, 2007-2008, has barely started in Europe, we have already witnessed a progression of serious incidences.
Nations, U. (n.d.). Racism in Football – Football against Racism: The FARE Experience. [online] United Nations. Available at: https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/racism-football-football-against-racism-fare-experience.
‘Duisburg’s match against Osnabrück in the German third tier has been abandoned after racist abuse was aimed at a visiting player.’
the Guardian. (2021). German third-tier match at Duisburg is abandoned due to racist abuse. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/dec/19/germany-duisburg-osnabruck-abandoned-due-to-racist-abuse [Accessed 17 Jan. 2023].
It is discrimination, in all its forms. Racism. Sexism. Homophobia. Transphobia. Kick It Out are here to put an end to all forms of discrimination within sport.
Kick It Out. (2018). Kick It Out | Home. [online] Available at: https://www.kickitout.org/.
There had already been a decade of improvements in girls’ and women’s football when the Football Association published its 2017 Gameplan for Growth. The specific targets – to double participation and attendance at matches – were not only met but exceeded within three years; the goal of consistent success on the world stage was met when the Lionesses reached the semi-finals in both the 2017 Euros and the 2019 World Cup. In 2019 Barclays began sponsoring the Women’s Super League, investing £15m; it has since committed another £30m. Last year the BBC and Sky Sports announced investment of £24m over three years. Since then there has been a fourfold increase in viewing figures.
the Guardian. (2022). The Guardian view on women’s football: a breakthrough year | Editorial. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jul/03/the-guardian-view-on-womens-football-a-breakthrough-year.
Report
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